Directional Complements

I. Simple directional complement

A. What is the simple directional complement?

B. Verbs of motion that take a simple directional complement

C. Verbs that indicate the transporting of objects or people

          D. The placement of the simple directional complement, the object and le了

II. Compound directional complement

          A. What is the compound directional complement?

          B. The placement of the object and modal particle le了in the sentence

III. Extended meaning of some directional complements

A. –qǐlai起来

B. –xiàqu下去

C. –chūlai出来

D. –shànglai上来

E. –shàng上

F. –xià下